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. As fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollutionproblems are becoming increasingly more serious, interest in the efficientuse of natural resources and alternative energy is rapidly growing. Inparticular, interest in fuels stored as high-pressure gases such as naturalgas and hydrogen is also rising. Ultrasonic waves show various receivedsignals according to characteristics such as density of the medium andacoustic impedance. An experimental study on the detection of themicro-leakage of fuel stored as high-pressure gas was conducted based on thecharacteristics of ultrasonic waves. First, an ultrasonic sensor wasmanufactured by selecting the matching layer with consideration of theacoustic impedance. In the experiment, a mass flow controller (MFC) wasattached to a perforated hole in the fabricated chamber to generatemicro-leakage, and the signal from the receiving ultrasonic sensor was thencollected. The envelope signal of the received ultrasonic sensor signal wasanalyzed through the Gaussian distribution method. The temperature insidethe chamber and the received voltage decreased according to a similar trendand showed a nonlinear result. However, the phase of the received ultrasonicsensor signal showed a relatively linear result according to the internalpressure change. Micro-leakage could not be detected with only the receivedvoltage seen by the ultrasonic sensor. Therefore, the phase shift of thereceiving ultrasonic sensor can be used to detect micro-leakage in ahigh-pressure gas tank.

Characteristics of the Received Signal of an Ultrasonic Sensor Installed in a Chamber with Micro-Leakage