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. We present a novel method for measuring dynamic changesin respiration parameters due to breathing based on the coupling of twoultra-high-frequency (UHF) antennae. For evaluation, we built a dynamic 3-Dprinted phantom encasing two compartments separated by an elastic diaphragm.By filling this artificial lung with air the effective permittivity in thecompartment changes, resulting in a significant variation of the  S21 parameteru0027s magnitude and phase. We show that there is a strong linearcorrelation between the volume of air in the artificial lung and themagnitude (in dB) of the  S21  parameter ( R2=0.997 ) as well asthe parameteru0027s phase ( R2=0.975 ). Our sensor system shows a highreproducibility (standard deviation of predicted volume  =0.67  mL) and atiming similar to a conventional flow sensor (delay  =5.33  ms). Thepresented method is a promising candidate to overcome some of the mostimportant technical burdens of measuring respiratory parameters and might beused as a trigger for patient–ventilator synchronization in infants andneonates.

A novel non-invasive, non-conductive method for measuring respiration