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. One objective of dialysis treatment is to normalize the bloodplasma electrolytes and remove waste products such as urea and creatininefrom blood. However, due to a shift in plasma osmolarity, a rapid orexcessive change of the electrolytes can lead to complications likecardiovascular instability, overhydrating of cells, disequilibrium syndromeand cardiac arrhythmias. Especially for critical ill patients in intensivecare unit with sepsis or multi-organ failure, any additional stress has to beavoided. Since the exchange velocity of the electrolytes mainly depends onthe concentration gradients across the dialysis membrane between blood anddialysate, it can be controlled by an individualized composition of dialysateconcentrations. In order to obtain a precise concentration gradient with theindividualized dialysate, it is necessary to continuously monitor the plasmaconcentrations. However, with in-line sensors, the required hemocompatibilityis often difficult to achieve. In this work, we present a concept forcontinuous in-line monitoring of electrolyte concentrations usingion-selective electrodes separated from the blood flow by a dialysismembrane, and therefore meeting the fluidic requirements forhemocompatibility. First investigations of hemocompatibility withreconfigured human blood show no increased hemolysis caused by the measuringsystem. With this concept, it is possible to continuously measure the plasmaconcentrations with a relative error of less than 0.5 %.

Continuous in-line monitoring of electrolyte concentrations in extracorporeal circuits for individualization of dialysis treatment