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. This paper presents an explosion-proof two-channel Raman photometer designedfor chemical process monitoring in hazardous explosive atmospheres. Due toits design, alignment of components is simplified and economic in comparisonto spectrometer systems. Raman spectrometers have the potential of becomingan increasingly important tool in process analysis technologies as part ofmolecular-specific concentration monitoring. However, in addition to therequired laser power, which restricts use in potentially explosiveatmospheres, the financial hurdle is also high. Within the scope of a proofof concept, it is shown that photometric measurements of Raman scattering arepossible. The use of highly sensitive detectors allows the requiredexcitation power to be reduced to levels compliant for operation inpotentially explosive atmospheres. The addition of an embedded platformenables stable use as a self-sufficient sensor, since it carries out allcalculations internally. Multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) with large detection areas of 1350  µ m 2 are implemented as detectors. As a result, the sensitivity of thesensor is strongly increased. This gain in sensitivity is primarily achievedthrough two characteristics: first, the operating principle “avalanchebreakdown” to detect single photons is used; second, the size of the imageprojected onto the MPPC is much bigger than the pixel area in competingRaman-Spectrometers resulting in higher photon flux. This combinationenables reduction of the required excitation power to levels compliant foroperation in potentially explosive atmospheres. All presented experimentsare performed with strongly attenuated laser power of 35 mW. These includethe monitoring of the analytes ethanol and hydrogen peroxide as well as thereversible binding of CO2 to amine. Accordingly, the described embeddedsensor is ideally suited as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool forapplications in environments with limitations on power input.

A customized stand-alone photometric Raman sensor applicable in explosive atmospheres: a proof-of-concept study