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Two-layer flexure beams often serve as basic transducers    in actuators and sensors. In this paper a generalized description    of their stimuli-influenced mechanical behavior is derived. For    small deflection angles this description includes a multi-port    circuit or network representation with lumped elements for a beam    part of finite length. A number of coupled finite beam parts    model the dynamic behavior including the first natural    frequencies of the beam. For piezoelectric and piezomagnetic    interactions, reversible transducer models are developed. The    piezomagnetic two-layer beam model is extended to include solenoid    and planar coils.  Linear network theory is applied in order to    determine network parameters and to simplify the circuit    representation. The resulting circuit model is the basis for a    fast simulation of the dynamic system behavior with advanced    circuit simulators and, thus, the optimization of the system. It is    also a useful tool for understanding and explaining this    multi-domain system through basic principles of general system theory

Equivalent circuit models of two-layer flexure beams with excitation by temperature, humidity, pressure, piezoelectric or piezomagnetic interactions