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. Living Ammonia species and an inventory of dead assemblages from Adriaticsubtidal, nearshore environments were investigated at four stations offBellaria, Italy. Ammonia falsobeccarii, Ammonia parkinsoniana, Ammonia tepida, and Ammonia veneta were recognized in the living (rose-bengal-stained)fauna, and Ammonia bellaria n. sp. is described herein for the first time. Ammonia beccarii was only foundin the dead assemblage. The biometry of 368 living individuals was analysedby using light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic images of threeaspects. A total of 15 numerical and 8 qualitative parameters were measured andassessed, 5 of which were recognized to be prone to a certainsubjectivity of the observer. The accuracy of numerical data as revealed bythe mean residuals of parallel measurements by different observers rangedfrom 0.5 % to 5.5 %. The results indicated a high degree of intraspecificvariability. The test sizes of the individual species were log-normallydistributed and varied among the stations. Parameters not related to thegrowth of the individuals, i.e. flatness of the tests, dimensions of thesecond-youngest chamber, proloculus, umbilical and pore diameter,sinistral–dextral coiling, and umbilical boss size, were recognized as beingspecies-distinctive in combination. They may well supplement qualitativecriteria that were commonly used for species discrimination such as a lobateoutline, a subacute or rounded peripheral margin, or the degree ofornamentation on the spiral and umbilical sides. The averages of themeasured parameters were often lower than the range of previously publishedvalues, mainly because the latter were retrieved from a few adult specimensand not from the whole assemblage as in the present approach. We concludethat the unprecedented high proportions of Ammonia beccarii in the northern Adriatic maywell be artificial. A robust species identification without genetic analysesis possible by considering designated biometric parameters. This approach isalso applicable to earlier literature data, and their re-assessment iscritical for a correct denomination of recent genotypes.

Biometry and taxonomy of Adriatic &lt;i&gt;Ammonia&lt;/i&gt; species from Bellaria–Igea Marina (Italy)

Biometry and taxonomy of Adriatic <i>Ammonia</i> species from Bellaria–Igea Marina (Italy)