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. We present a taxonomic revision of the familyFasciculithaceae focused on forms that characterize the early evolution ofthis family group, which are currently included within the generaGomphiolithus, Diantholitha, Lithoptychius and Fasciculithus. The investigation approach is based on a combined light microscope(LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of specimens fromwell-preserved ODP–DSDP site material (ODP Site 1209; Site 1262; ODP Site1267; DSDP Site 356; DSDP Site 119) and outcrops (Bottaccione and Contessa,Italy; Qreiya, Egypt) across the Danian–Selandian transition. The directLM–SEM comparison of the same individual specimen provides clarification ofseveral taxa that were previously described only with the LM. One new genus(Tectulithus), five new combinations (Tectulithus janii, Tectulithus merloti, Tectulithus pileatus, Tectulithus stegastos and Tectulithus stonehengei) and six new species are defined(Diantholitha pilula, Diantholitha toquea, Lithoptychius galeottii, Lithoptychius maioranoae, Tectulithus pagodiformis and Fasciculithus realeae). The main characteristics useful to identify fasciculiths withthe LM are provided, together with a 3D–2D drawing showing the mainstructural features. The accurate taxonomic characterization grants thedevelopment of an evolutionary lineage that documents a great fasciculithdiversification during the late Danian and early Selandian. Four differentwell-constrained events have been documented: the lowest occurrence (LO) ofGomphiolithus, the paracme of Fasciculithaceae at the top of Chron C27r (PTC27r), theradiation of Diantholitha (LO Diantholitha), the paracme of Fasciculithaceae at the base of ChronC26r (PBC26r), the radiation of Lithoptychius (LO Lithoptychius) and the radiation of Tectulithus (lowest commonoccurrence of Tectulithus) that shows the biostratigraphic relevance of this group acrossthe Danian–Selandian transition.

Revised taxonomy and early evolution of fasciculiths at the Danian–Selandian transition