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. The Christian Malford lagerstatte in the Oxford ClayFormation of Wiltshire contains exceptionally well-preserved squid-likecephalopods, including Belemnotheutis antiquus (Pearce). Some of these fossils preserve muscletissue, contents of ink sacks and other soft parts of the squid, includingarms with hooks in situ and the head area with statoliths (ear bones) present inlife position. The preservation of soft-tissue material is usually taken asan indication of anoxic or dysaerobic conditions on the sea floor and withinthe enclosing sediments. Interestingly, in the prepared residues of allthese sediments there are both statoliths and arm hooks as well as abundant,species-rich, assemblages of both foraminifera and ostracods. Suchoccurrences appear to be incompatible with an interpretation of potentialsea floor anoxia. The mudstones of the Oxford Clay Formation may have been compacted by70 %–80 % during de-watering and burial, and in such a fine-grainedlithology samples collected for microfossil examination probably representseveral thousand years and, therefore, a significant number of foraminiferallife cycles. Such samples (even if only 1–2 cm thick) could, potentially,include several oxic–anoxic cycles and, if coupled with compaction,generate the apparent coincidence of well-preserved, soft-bodied,cephalopods and diverse assemblages of benthic foraminifera.

journal of micropalaeontology

Reconstructing the Christian Malford ecosystem in the Oxford Clay Formation (Callovian, Jurassic) of Wiltshire: exceptional preservation, taphonomy, burial and compaction