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The Australian Great Artesian Basin (GAB) supports a unique and diverse range of groundwater dependent wetland ecosystems\udtermed GAB springs. In recent decades the ecological sustainability of the springs has become uncertain as demands on this iconic\udgroundwater resource increase. The impacts of existing water extractions for mining and pastoral activities are unknown. This\udsituation is compounded by the likelihood of future increasing demand for extractions.\ud \udHyperspectral remote sensing provides the necessary spectral and spatial detail to discriminate wetland vegetation communities.\udTherefore the objectives of this paper are to discriminate the spatial extent and distribution of key spring wetland vegetation\udcommunities associated with the GAB springs evaluating three hyperspectral techniques: Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Mixture\udTuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) and Spectrally Segmented PCA. In addition, to determine if the hyperspectral techniques\uddeveloped can be applied at a number of sites representative of the range of spring formations and geomorphic settings and at two\udtemporal intervals.\ud \udTwo epochs of HyMap airborne hyperspectral imagery were captured for this research in March 2009 and April 2011 at a number of\udsites representative of the floristic and geomorphic diversity of GAB spring groups/complexes within South Australia. Colour digital\udaerial photography at 30 cm GSD was acquired concurrently with the HyMap imagery. The image acquisition coincided with a field\udcampaign of spectroradiometry measurements and a botanical survey.\ud \udTo identify key wavebands which have the greatest capability to discriminate vegetation communities of the GAB springs and\udsurrounding area three hyperspectral data reduction techniques were employed: (i) Spectrally Segmented PCA (SSPCA); (ii) the\udMinimum Noise Transform (MNF); and (iii) the Pixel Purity Index (PPI). SSPCA was applied to NDVI-masked vegetation portions\udof the HyMap imagery with wavelength regions spectrally segmented for the VIS-NIR (450–1,350 nm), SWIR 1 (1,400–1,800 nm)\udand SWIR 2 (1,950–2,480 nm). The resulting pure endmember image pixels of the vegetation communities identified were used as\udtarget spectra for input into the SAM and MTMF algorithms.\ud \udSpring wetland vegetation communities successfully discriminated include low lying reeds and sedges along spring tails (Baumea\udspp. and Cyperus spp.), dense homogenous stands of Phragmites australis reeds, and sporadic patches of salt couch grass\ud(Sparabolus spp.).\ud \udOur results indicate that a combination of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques which reduce superfluous wavebands providing a\udtargeted spectral matching approach are capable of discriminating and mapping key vegetation communities of the GAB springs.\udThis approach provides reliable baseline mapping of the GAB spring wetland vegetation communities, with repeatability over space\udand time. In addition it has the capability to determine the sensitivity of spring wetland vegetation extent, distribution and diversity,\udto associated changes in spring flow rates due to water extractions. This approach will ultimately inform water allocation plan\udmanagement policies

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

MAPPING THE WETLAND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES OF THE AUSTRALIAN GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN SPRINGS USING SAM, MTMF AND SPECTRALLY SEGMENTED PCA HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYSES