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This paper presents a method based on the use of straight lines as tie features for simultaneous orientation and calibration of Frame\udCamera (FC) and Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) images. For the orientation and calibration of FC images, various methods have been\udinvestigated in the past. From those, FC Integrated Sensor Orientation (ISO) has established as the most accurate and robust one. More\udrecently, ISO block adjustment techniques have been successfully applied to ALS orientation and calibration. As of today, for the\udcombined ALS and FC image data sets there are no well-defined procedures as compared to the other two scenarios. Our proposed\udmethod essentially reduces to the use of straight line segments as tie features between FC and ALS images. The concept is similar\udand compatible to the use of tie points in FC ISO and of planar surfaces in ALS ISO thus allowing for the simultaneous orientation\udand calibration of ALS and FC images that involve, point, line and planar surface tie features. In the paper we describe and derive the\udtwo observation equations that relate (1) FC image point measurements to straight lines and (2) distance-parallelism measures between\udstraight lines and planes. The concept and models are validated with a small FC and ALS block with real data. The preliminary results\udindicate the potential of the approach and confirm its feasibility

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

SIMULTANEOUS ORIENTATION AND CALIBRATION OF IMAGES AND LASER POINT CLOUDS WITH STRAIGHT SEGMENTS