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Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are important assets for accessing high risk airspace and incorporate technologies for sensorcoordination, onboard processing, tele-communication, unconventional flight control, and ground based monitoring andoptimization. These capabilities permit adaptive mission management in the face of complex requirements and chaotic externalinfluences. NASA Ames Research Center has led a number of Earth science remote sensing missions directed at the assessment ofnatural resources and here we describe two resource mapping problems having mission characteristics requiring a mission adaptivecapability extensible to other resource assessment challenges.  One example involves the requirement for careful control over solar angle geometry for passive reflectance measurements. Thisconstraint exists when collecting imaging spectroscopy data over vegetation for time series analysis or for the coastal ocean wheresolar angle combines with sea state to produce surface glint that can obscure the signal. Furthermore, the primary flight controlimperative to minimize tracking error should compromise with the requirement to minimize aircraft motion artifacts in the spatialmeasurement distribution. A second example involves mapping of natural resources in the Earth’s crust using precisionmagnetometry. In this case the vehicle flight path must be oriented to optimize magnetic flux gradients over a spatial domain havingcontinually emerging features, while optimizing the efficiency of the spatial mapping task.  These requirements were highlighted in recent Earth Science missions including the OCEANIA mission directed at improving thecapability for spectral and radiometric reflectance measurements in the coastal ocean, and the Surprise Valley Mission directed atmapping sub-surface mineral composition and faults, using high-sensitivity magnetometry. This paper reports the development ofspecific aircraft control approaches to incorporate the unusual and demanding requirements to manage solar angle, aircraft attitudeand flight path orientation, and efficient (directly geo-rectified) surface and sub-surface mapping, including the near-timeoptimization of these sometimes competing requirements

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

MISSION ADAPTIVE UAS CAPABILITIES FOR EARTH SCIENCE AND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT