English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The pulse function (PF) is a technique based on procedural preprocessing system to generate a computerized virtualphoto of the façade with in a fixed size square(Alizadehashrafi et al., 2009, Musliman et al., 2010). Dynamic PulseFunction (DPF) is an enhanced version of PF which can create the final photo, proportional to real geometry. This canavoid distortion while projecting the computerized photo on the generated 3D model(Alizadehashrafi and Rahman,2013). The challenging issue that might be handled for having 3D model in LoD3 rather than LOD2, is the final aim thathave been achieved in this paper. In the technique based DPF the geometries of the windows and doors are saved in anXML file schema which does not have any connections with the 3D model in LoD2 and CityGML format. In thisresearch the parameters of Dynamic Pulse Functions are utilized via Ruby programming language in SketchUp Trimbleto generate (exact position and deepness) the windows and doors automatically in LoD3 based on the same concept ofDPF. The advantage of this technique is automatic generation of huge number of similar geometries e.g. windows byutilizing parameters of DPF along with defining entities and window layers. In case of converting the SKP file toCityGML via FME software or CityGML plugins the 3D model contains the semantic database about the entities andwindow layers which can connect the CityGML to MySQL(Alizadehashrafi and Baig, 2014).  The concept behind DPF, is to use logical operations to project the texture on the background image which isdynamically proportional to real geometry. The process of projection is based on two vertical and horizontal dynamicpulses starting from upper-left corner of the background wall in down and right directions respectively based on imagecoordinate system. The logical one/zero on the intersections of two vertical and horizontal dynamic pulses projects/doesnot project the texture on the background image. It is possible to define priority for each layer. For instance the priorityof the door layer can be higher than window layer which means that window texture cannot be projected on the doorlayer. Orthogonal and rectified perpendicular symmetric photos of the 3D objects that are proportional to the real façadegeometry must be utilized for the generation of the output frame for DPF. The DPF produces very high quality and smalldata size of output image files in quite smaller dimension compare with the photorealistic texturing method. Thedisadvantage of DPF is its preprocessing method to generate output image file rather than online processing to generatethe texture within the 3D environment such as CityGML. Furthermore the result of DPF can be utilized for 3D model inLOD2 rather than LOD3. In the current work the random textures of the window layers are created based on parametersof DPF within Ruby console of SketchUp Trimble to generate the deeper geometries of the windows and their exactposition on the façade automatically along with random textures to increase Level of Realism (LoR)(Scarpino, 2010).  As the output frame in DPF is proportional to real geometry (height and width of the façade) it is possible to querythe XML database and convert them to units such as meter automatically. In this technique, the perpendicular terrestrialphoto from the façade is rectified by employing projective transformation based on the frame which is in constrainproportion to real geometry. The rectified photos which are not suitable for texturing but necessary for measuring, canbe resized in constrain proportion to real geometry before measuring process. Height and width of windows, doors,horizontal and vertical distance between windows from upper left corner of the photo dimensions of doors and windowsare parameters that should be measured to run the program as a plugins in SketchUp Trimble. The system can use theseparameters and texture file names and file paths to create the façade semi-automatically. To avoid leaning geometry thetextures of windows, doors and etc, should be cropped and rectified from perpendicular photos, so that they can be usedin the program to create the whole façade along with its geometries. Texture enhancement should be done in advancesuch as removing disturbing objects, exposure setting, left-right up-down transformation, and so on. In fact, the quality,small data size, scale and semantic database for each façade are the prominent advantages of this method

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

USING PARAMETERS OF DYNAMIC PULSE FUNCTION FOR 3D MODELING IN LOD3 BASED ON RANDOM TEXTURES