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At present, computers, lasers, radars, planes and satellite technologies make possible very fast and accurate topographic dataacquisition for the production of maps. However, the problem of managing and manipulating this data efficiently remains. Oneparticular type of map is the elevation map. When stored on a computer, it is often referred to as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM).A DEM is usually a square matrix of elevations. It is like an image, except that it contains a single channel of information (that is,elevation) and can be compressed in a lossy or lossless manner by way of existing image compression protocols. Compression hasthe effect of reducing memory requirements and speed of transmission over digital links, while maintaining the integrity of data asrequired.  In this context, this paper investigates the effects of the PNG (Portable Network Graphics) lossless image compression protocol onfloating-point elevation values for 16-bit DEMs of dissimilar terrain characteristics. The PNG is a robust, universally supported,extensible, lossless, general-purpose and patent-free image format. Tests demonstrate that the compression ratios and rundecompression times achieved with the PNG lossless compression protocol can be comparable to, or better than, proprietary losslessJPEG variants, other image formats and available lossless compression algorithms

Lossless data compression of grid-based digital elevation models: A png image format evaluation