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. As the urban population grows and the global economy develops, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has become an increasingly prominent global issue. MSWM is particularly difficult in developing countries due to its high cost and time-consuming nature. The Environment-based design (EBD) can potentially contribute to global MSWM by reducing costs and increasing efficiency, especially in helping developing countries identify critical issues in MSWM. This paper uses and demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the EBD method to analyze and identify critical issues in MSWM, using the city of Nairobi as a case study. This paper contains the first two of EBD's three activities: environment analysis and conflict identification, during the design problem period, design knowledge, and design solutions simultaneously and interdependently evolve as a part of the environment. The comparison with the existing literature confirms that the conclusions reached are, to some extent, reliable, time-saving, and less costly, which will offer a possibility to solve the problem of MSWM in impoverished areas.

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

ENVIRONMENT-BASED DESIGN (EBD) APPROACH TO IDENTIFY CRITICAL ISSUES IN MANAGING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE: NAIROBI, KENYAN CASE STUDY