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. Architectural building models (LoD3) consist of detailed wall and roof structures including openings, such as doors and windows. Openings are usually identified through corner and edge detection, based on terrestrial LiDAR point clouds. However, singular boundary points are mostly detected by analysing their neighbourhoods within a small search area, which is highly sensitive to noise. In this paper, we present a global-wide sliding window method on a projected facade to reduce the influence of noise. We formulate the gradient of point density for the sliding window to inspect the change of facade elements. With derived symmetry information from statistical analysis, border lines of the changes are extracted and intersected generating corner points of openings. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach on the static and mobile terrestrial LiDAR data with inhomogeneous point density. The algorithm detects the corners of repetitive and neatly arranged openings and also recovers angular points within slightly missing data areas. In the future we will extend the algorithm to detect disordered openings and assist to facade modelling, semantic labelling and procedural modelling.

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

A SLIDING WINDOW METHOD FOR DETECTING CORNERS OF OPENINGS FROM TERRESTRIAL LIDAR DATA