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In this article, the benefits of using satellite imagery of different types (namely thermal infrared, visible-range, and synthetic aperture\udradar (SAR) images) for observing surface circulation of marine basins are being discussed. As a region of interest, we use the\udWestern Mediterranean Basin. At first, the areas with sharpest thermal and chlorophyll-a gradients within the region of interest were\uddefined on a seasonal base using the data provided by Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). After that,\udmesoscale eddies were detected using different sea surface temperature (SST) products and, finally, submesoscale vortices were\udobserved with Envisat Advanced SAR imagery. Thus found locations of eddies were compared with locations of the sharpest fronts\uddiscovered in the first part of the study, which showed that the biggest, mostly anticyclonic, eddies tended to correspond to locations\udof main surface currents; smaller cyclonic eddies were mostly attributed to thermal fronts, while submesoscale eddies were\uddistributed quite homogeneous. The observations performed in that way revealed quite prominent basin-, meso- and submesoscale\udeddy activity in the region of interest. Additionally, significant seasonal variability in the type of surface water stirring was noted.\udThus, the maximum of both meso- and submesoscale eddy activity seems to happen during the warm season, while during winter,\udpresumably due to low Richardson numbers typical for the upper water layer, the turbulent features are still undeveloped and of the\udsmaller spatial scale than during the warm period of year

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

OBSERVING SURFACE CIRCULATION OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY