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Emergence of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology provides new tools for geomorphologic studies improving\udspatial and temporal resolution of data sampling hydrogeological instability phenomena. Specifically, terrestrial laser\udscanning (TLS) collects high resolution 3D point clouds allowing more accurate monitoring of erosion rates and processes,\udand thus, quantify the geomorphologic change on vertical landforms like dike landside slopes. Even so, TLS captures\udobservations rapidly and automatically but unselectively.\ud  \udIn this research, we demonstrate the potential of TLS for morphological change detection, profile creation and time series\udanalysis in an emergency simulation for characterizing and monitoring slope movements in a dike. The experiment was\udperformed near Schellebelle (Belgium) in November 2015, using a Leica Scan Station C10. Wave overtopping and overflow\udover a dike were simulated whereby the loading conditions were incrementally increased and 14 successful scans were\udperformed. The aim of the present study is to analyse short-term morphological dynamic processes and the spatial\uddistribution of erosion and deposition areas along a dike landside slope. As a result, we are able to quantify the eroded\udmaterial coming from the impact on the terrain induced by wave overtopping which caused the dike failure in a few minutes\udin normal storm scenarios (Q = 25 l/s/m) as 1.24 m<sup>3</sup>. As this shows that the amount of erosion is measurable using close\udrange techniques; the amount and rate of erosion could be monitored to predict dike collapse in emergency situation.\ud  \udThe results confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology, providing scalability to a comprehensive analysis over a\udlarge extension of a dike (tens of meters)

the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ALONG A DIKE LANDSIDE SLOPE SAMPLED BY 4D HIGH RESOLUTION TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING