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. Smart Cities are complex distributed systems which may involve services, applications, sensors and IoT devices. In order to be able to link and use such heterogeneous data, spatial data infrastructures for Smart Cities can play an important role in establishing interoperability between systems and platforms. Semantic 3D city models describe spatial, graphical and thematic aspects of the city objects according to the CityGML international standard, issued by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The requirement to support energy time-dynamic properties within CityGML objects arises from the fact that cities yield great potential in terms of energy consumption reduction and efficiency increase. In order to support such time-varying energy properties concerning city objects, recent extensions of the CityGML in the form of Application Domain Extensions (ADEs) are researched and developed, such as the Energy ADE and the Dynamizer ADE. Starting from a Building Information Model (BIM) and evaluating energy use of the building through the created Building Energy Model (BEM), the aim of this study is to integrate and visualize the time-based energy simulation results with the 3D building model within a 3D semantic city model. Using the latter ADE, the highly detailed static 3D Building (LOD 4) is extended to support those energy variations of individual feature properties and associations over time. Moreover, the web-based visualization approaches and data retrieval were further researched, and an interoperable web-based application was developed, in order to accomplish an integrated knowledge on how time-series data can be distributed in a virtual 3D environment.

A SEMANTICALLY ENRICHED AND WEB-BASED 3D ENERGY MODEL VISUALIZATION AND RETRIEVAL FOR SMART BUILDING IMPLEMENTATION USING CITYGML AND DYNAMIZER ADE