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This paper investigates the performance of SIFT-based image matching regarding large differences in image scaling and rotation,as this is usually the case when trying to match images captured from UAVs and airplanes. This task represents an essential stepfor image registration and 3d-reconstruction applications. Various real world examples presented in this paper show that SIFT,as well as A-SIFT perform poorly or even fail in this matching scenario. Even if the scale difference in the images is knownand eliminated beforehand, the matching performance suffers from too few feature point detections, ambiguous feature pointorientations and rejection of many correct matches when applying the ratio-test afterwards. Therefore, a new feature matchingmethod is provided that overcomes these problems and offers thousands of matches by a novel feature point detection strategy,applying a one-to-many matching scheme and substitute the ratio-test by adding geometric constraints to achieve geometric correctmatches at repetitive image regions. This method is designed for matching almost nadir-directed images with low scene depth, asthis is typical in UAV and aerial image matching scenarios. We tested the proposed method on different real world image pairs.While standard SIFT failed for most of the datasets, plenty of geometrical correct matches could be found using our approach.Comparing the estimated fundamental matrices and homographies with ground-truth solutions, mean errors of few pixels can be achieved

A NEW PARADIGM FOR MATCHING UAV- AND AERIAL IMAGES