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. The “Carnegie curve” describes the diurnal variation of the globalatmospheric electric circuit. It was originally found from atmosphericelectric potential gradient (PG) measurements made on the Carnegie, effectively afloating atmospheric electrical observatory, which undertook global cruisesbetween 1915 and 1929. These measurements confirmed that the single diurnalcycle PG variation, previously obtained in both polar regions, was global inextent. The averaged diurnal PG variation, represented by derived harmonicfits, provides a characteristic variation known as the “Carnegie curve”,against which modern measurements are still compared. The ocean air PGmeasurements were extensively described in reports of the CarnegieInstitution of Washington (CIW) but widely used secondary sources of theCarnegie curve contain small differences, arising through approximations andtranscription errors. Investigations using the historical CIW data show thatthe original harmonic fit coefficients are reproducible. Despite theinconsistencies, the secondary sources nevertheless mostly yield diurnalvariations which fall within the variability of the original historicaldata.

Behind the curve: a comparison of historical sources for the Carnegie curve of the global atmospheric electric circuit