English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

While graphical records of astronomical/meteorological events beforetelescopic observations are of particular interest, they have frequentlyundergone multiple copying and may have been modified from the original. Here,we analyze a graphical record of the cross-sign of 806 CE in the Anglo-SaxonChronicle, which has been considered one of the earliest datable halo drawingsin British records, whereas another cross-sign in 776 CE has been associatedwith the aurora. However, philological studies have revealed the later 806event is derived from Continental annals. Here, records and drawings for the806 event have been philologically traced back to mid-9th Century Continentalmanuscripts and the probable observational site identified as the area of Sensin northern France. The possible lunar halos at that time have beencomprehensively examined by numerical ray tracing. Combined with calculationsof twilight sky brightness, they identify a visibility window supportingmonastic observation. Cruciform halos are shown to be fainter and rarer thanbrighter and more commonplace lunar halos. Physically credible cloud icecrystal variations can reproduce all the manuscript renditions. The manuscriptrecords prove less than desirable detail but what is presented is fullyconsistent with a lunar halo interpretation. Finally, the possible societalimpacts of such celestial events have been mentioned in the context ofcontemporary coins in Anglo-Saxon England and the Carolingian Empire. Theseanalyses show that we need to trace their provenance back as far as possible,to best reconstruct the original event, even if graphical records are availablefor given astronomical/meteorological events.

Provenance of the Cross Sign of 806 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A possible Lunar Halo over Continental Europe?