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. Increasing numbers of field studies have detectedisotopic mismatches between plant trunk water and its potential sources.However, the cause of these isotopic offsets is not clear, and it isuncertain whether they occur during root water uptake or during watertransmission from root to trunk. Thus, we measured the specific isotopiccomposition (δ2H and δ18O) of each component(e.g. bulk soil water, mobile water, groundwater, trunk water and rootwater of Salix matsudana Koidz trees) in thesoil–root–trunk continuum with a resolution of about 3 days. We report three main findings. First, we detecteda clear separation between the isotopic compositions of mobile water and bulk soil water, but the distinction between mobile water and bulk soil watergradually decreased with increasing soil depth. Second, root water composition deviatedfrom bulk soil water isotopic composition but overlapped with thecomposition derived for less mobile water. The maximum differences inδ2H and δ18O between bulk soil water and rootwater were −8.6 ‰ and −1.8 ‰, respectively. Third,trunk water was only isotopically similar to root water at 100–160 cm depths, and it remained stable during the experimental period, suggestingthat the trees consistently used the stable deep water source. Inconclusion, the isotopic offset between bulk soil water and trunk water ofS. matsudana reflected an isotopic mismatch between root water and bulk soil waterassociated with the heterogeneity of the soil water. Our results illuminaterelationships between the isotopic compositions of soil waters of variousmobilities, root water and trunk water that may be useful for advancing ourunderstanding of root water uptake and transport.

hydrology and earth system sciences

Insights into the isotopic mismatch between bulk soil water and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Salix matsudana&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Koidz trunk water from root water stable isotope measurements