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. An understanding of multi-annual behaviour in streamflow allows for betterestimation of the risks associated with hydrological extremes. This canenable improved preparedness for streamflow-dependant services, such asfreshwater ecology, drinking water supply and agriculture. Recently, efforts have focused on detecting relationships between long-term hydrological behaviour and oscillatory climate systems (such as the North Atlantic Oscillation – NAO). For instance,the approximate 7 year periodicity of the NAO has been detected ingroundwater-level records in the North Atlantic region, providing potentialimprovements to the preparedness for future water resource extremes due totheir repetitive, periodic nature. However, the extent to which these 7-year, NAO-like signals are propagated to streamflow, and the catchment processesthat modulate this propagation, are currently unknown. Here, we showstatistically significant evidence that these 7-year periodicities arepresent in streamflow (and associated catchment rainfall), by applyingmulti-resolution analysis to a large data set of streamflow and associatedcatchment rainfall across the UK. Our results provide new evidence forspatial patterns of NAO periodicities in UK rainfall, with areas of greatestNAO signal found in southwest England, south Wales, Northern Ireland andcentral Scotland, and show that NAO-like periodicities account for a greaterproportion of streamflow variability in these areas. Furthermore, we findthat catchments with greater subsurface pathway contribution, ascharacterised by the baseflow index (BFI), generally show increased NAO-like signal strength and that subsurface response times (as characterised bygroundwater response time – GRT), of between 4 and 8 years, show a greatersignal presence. Our results provide a foundation of understanding forthe screening and use of streamflow teleconnections for improving thepractice and policy of long-term streamflow resource management.

Exploring the role of hydrological pathways in modulating multi-annual climate teleconnection periodicities from UK rainfall to streamflow