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. The amount of lying snow calculated by a land surface model depends in parton the amount of snowfall in the meteorological data that are used todrive the model.We show that commonly used data sets differ in the amount of snowfall, andmore generally precipitation, over four large Arctic basins.An independent estimate of the cold-season precipitation is obtained bycombining water balance information from the Gravity Recovery and ClimateExperiment (GRACE) with estimates of evaporation and river discharge andis generally higher than that estimated by four commonly used meteorologicaldata sets.We use the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface modelto calculate the snow water equivalent (SWE) over the four basins.The modelled seasonal maximum SWE is 38 % less than observation-basedestimates on average, and the modelled basin discharge is significantlyunderestimated, consistent with the lack of snowfall.We use the GRACE-derived estimate of precipitation to define per-basinscale factorsthat are applied to the driving data and increase the amount of cold-seasonprecipitation by 28 % on average.In turn this increases the modelled seasonal maximum SWE by30 %, although this is still underestimated compared to observations by19 % on average.A correction for the undercatch of precipitation by gauges is compared with thethe GRACE-derived correction. Undercatch correction increases the amountof cold-season precipitation by 23 % on average, which indicates that some,but not all, of theunderestimation can be removed by implementing existing undercatchcorrection algorithms.However, even undercatch-corrected data sets contain less precipitationthan the GRACE-derived estimate in some regions, and it is likely thatthere are other biases that are not currently accounted for ingridded meteorological data sets.This study shows that revised estimates of precipitation can lead toimproved modelling of SWE, but much more modest improvements are foundin modelled river discharge.By providing methods to better define the precipitation inputs to thesystem, the current study paves the way for subsequent work on keyhydrological processes in high-latitude basins.

Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data to derive corrections to precipitation data sets and improve modelled snow mass at high latitudes