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. The radar-based estimation of intenseprecipitation produced by convective storms is a challenging task and theverification through comparison with gauges is questionable due to the veryhigh spatial variability of such types of precipitation. In this study, we explore the potentialbenefit of using a superconducting gravimeter as a new source of in situobservations for the evaluation of radar-based precipitation estimates. Thesuperconducting gravimeter used in this study is installed in Membach (BE),48 m underneath the surface, at 85 km distance from a C-band weather radarlocated in Wideumont (BE). The 15-year observation record 2003–2017 isavailable for both gravimeter and radar with 1 and 5 min time steps,respectively. Water mass increase at ground due to precipitation results in adecrease in underground measured gravity. The gravimeter integrates soilwater in a radius of about 400 m around the instrument. This allows captureof rainfall at a larger spatial scale than traditional rain gauges. Theprecision of the gravimeter is a few tenths of nm s −2 , 1 nm s −2 corresponding to 2.6 mm of water. The comparison of reflectivity and gravitytime series shows that short-duration intense rainfall events produce a rapiddecrease in the underground measured gravity. A remarkable correspondencebetween radar and gravimeter time series is found. The precipitation amountsderived from gravity measurements and from radar observations are furthercompared for 505 rainfall events. A correlation coefficient of 0.58, a meanbias (radar–gravimeter)/gravimeter of 0.24 and a mean absolute difference(MAD) of 3.19 mm are obtained. A better agreement is reached when applying ahail correction by truncating reflectivity values to a given threshold. Nobias, a correlation coefficient of 0.64 and a MAD of 2.3 mm are reachedusing a 48 dBZ threshold. The added value of underground gravitymeasurements as a verification dataset is discussed. The two main benefitsare the spatial scale at which precipitation is captured and the interestingproperty that gravity measurements are directly influenced by water mass atground no matter the type of precipitation: hail or rain.

Exploring the use of underground gravity monitoring to evaluate radar estimates of heavy rainfall