English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. Although stemflow oftentimes only represents a smallportion of net precipitation in forests, it creates hot spots of water inputthat can affect subsurface storm-flow dynamics. The distribution of stemflowover different trees is assumed to be temporally stable, yet often unknown.Therefore, it is essential to know the systematic factors driving stemflowpatterns. Several drivers have been identified in the past, mainly relatedto tree traits. However, less attention has been paid to tree neighbourhoodinteractions impacting stemflow generation and creating stand patches withenhanced or reduced stemflow. We recorded stemflow during 26 precipitation events on 65 trees, growing in 11subplots (100 m2 each), in a temperate mixed beech forest inthe Hainich National Park, Germany. We used linear mixed effects models toinvestigate how traits of individual trees (tree size, tree species, numberof neighbouring trees, their basal area and their relative height) affectstemflow and how stemflow is affected by stand properties (stand, biomassand diversity metrics). As expected, stemflow increased with event and tree size. Stemflow washighly variable at both the tree and subplot scale. Especially in large rainfallevents (&gt;10 mm), the tree/subplot ranking was almost identicalbetween events, probably due to fully developed flow paths bringing out thefull stemflow potential of each tree. Neighbourhood and stand structurewere increasingly important with event size (15 % of fixed effects on thetree scale and ca. 65 % on the subplot scale for large events). Subplot-scale stemflow was especially enhanced by a higher proportion of woodysurface, expressed by a high number of trees, low leaf area and a largemaximum tree size. The Simpson diversity index contributed positively tostemflow yield for large events, probably by allowing more efficient spaceoccupation. Furthermore, our models suggest that the neighbourhood impacts individualtree morphology, which may additionally increase stemflow in dense, speciesdiverse neighbourhoods. Unexpectedly, rain shading within the canopy hadlittle impact on the stemflow spatial variation. Overall, we find a strong cross-scale temporal stability. Tree size and treedensity were the main drivers, independently increasing stemflow, creatingforest patches with strongly enhanced or reduced stemflow. Our results showthat, besides tree metrics, forest structure and tree diversity also affectstemflow patterns and the potentially associated biogeochemical hot spots.

Neighbourhood and stand structure affect stemflow generation in a heterogeneous deciduous temperate forest