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. Stemflow is important for recharging root-zone soil moisture in aridregions. Previous studies have generally focused on stemflow volume,efficiency and influential factors but have failed to depict stemflowprocesses and quantify their relations with rainfall characteristics withinevents, particularly for xerophytic shrubs. Here, we measured the stemflowvolume, intensity, funneling ratio and time lags to rain at two dominantshrub species (Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila) and rainfall characteristics during 54 events at thesemiarid Liudaogou catchment of the Loess Plateau, China, during the2014–2015 rainy seasons. The funneling ratio was calculated as the ratiobetween stemflow and rainfall intensities at the inter- and intra-event scales.Our results indicated that the stemflow of C. korshinskii and S. psammophila, on average, started at 66.2and 54.8 min, maximized 109.4 and 120.5 min after rain began, and ended20.0 and 13.5 min after rain ceased. The two shrubs had shorter stemflowduration (3.8 and 3.4 h) and significantly larger stemflow intensities(517.5 and 367.3 mm h −1 ) than those of rain (4.7 h and 4.5 mm h −1 ). As branch size increased, both species shared thedecreasing funneling ratios (97.7–163.7 and 44.2–212.0) and stemflowintensities (333.8–716.2 and 197.2–738.7 mm h −1 ). Tested by the multiple correspondence analysis andstepwise regression, rainfall amount and duration controlled stemflow volumeand duration, respectively, at the event scale by linear relations ( p  < 0.01). Rainfall intensity and raindrop momentum controlled stemflowintensity and time lags to rain for both species within the event by linear orpower relationships ( p  < 0.01). Rainfall intensity was the key factoraffecting stemflow process of C. korshinskii, whereas raindrop momentum had the greatestinfluence on stemflow process of S. psammophila. Therefore, rainfall characteristics hadtemporally dependent influences on corresponding stemflow variables, and theinfluence also depended on specific species.

Temporally dependent effects of rainfall characteristics on inter- and intra-event branch-scale stemflow variability in two xerophytic shrubs