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. Extreme flooding impacts millions of people that live within theAmazon floodplain. Global hydrological models (GHMs) are frequently used toassess and inform the management of flood risk, but knowledge on the skillof available models is required to inform their use and development. Thispaper presents an intercomparison of eight different GHMs freely availablefrom collaborators of the Global Flood Partnership (GFP) for simulatingfloods in the Amazon basin. To gain insight into the strengths andshortcomings of each model, we assess their ability to reproduce daily andannual peak river flows against gauged observations at 75 hydrologicalstations over a 19-year period (1997–2015). As well as highlighting regional variability in the accuracy of simulated streamflow, these results indicate that (a) the meteorological input is the dominant control on the accuracy of both daily and annual maximum river flows, and (b) groundwater and routing calibration of Lisflood based on daily river flows has no impact on the ability to simulate flood peaks for the chosen river basin. These findings have important relevance for applications of large-scale hydrological models, including analysis of the impact of climate variability, assessment of the influence of long-term changes such as land-use and anthropogenic climate change, the assessment of flood likelihood, and for flood forecasting systems.

Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin