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. To assess the efficiency of the groundwater management of anadministrative unit, we propose decomposing the groundwater head changeswithin an administrative unit into inside and outside contributions by usingnumerical models. Guantao County of Hebei Province, China, serves as anexample to demonstrate the decomposition technique. The groundwater flowmodel of Guantao was constructed using observed heads as prescribed headboundary conditions. The model was coupled with Hydrus 1-D to calculate thegroundwater recharge distribution in time reflecting the delay and dampingeffects of the soil column on seepage at the surface. The model wascalibrated by adjusting parameters such as hydraulic conductivities,recharge infiltration ratios and specific yields. The calibrated parametersare then used in a large model with a boundary at a large distance fromGuantao administrative boundary to determine the groundwater head changesdue to inside drivers. The differences of the two models on the Guantaoboundary serve as the specified head values on the boundary for a small-scale model, which is used to calculate the groundwater head imposed byoutside drivers. To eliminate inconsistencies caused by the different typesof boundary conditions of large and small models, the groundwater headchanges due to inside drivers must be updated. The results indicate that thegroundwater head changes in the center and south of Guantao County areinfluenced equally by both inside and outside contributions, while in thenorth outside contributions have the stronger impact. On average, 48.5 %of groundwater head changes in the whole of Guantao County is influenced byinside contributions, while 51.5 % is due to outsidecontributions. The sensitivity analysis shows that the groundwaterhead changes and their decomposition are much more sensitive to infiltrationratios than to the aquifer parameters. The parameters within Guantao have acertain influence on the net groundwater head changes, while the parametersoutside of Guantao only have an influence on the decomposition.

hydrology and earth system sciences

Decomposition technique for contributions to groundwater heads from inside and outside of an arbitrary boundary: application to Guantao County, North China Plain