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. Hydrological models are being applied for impact assessment across a wide range of resolutions.In this study, we quantify the effect of model resolution on the simulated hydrological responsein five mesoscale basins in the Swiss Alps using the distributed hydrological model SpatialProcesses in Hydrology (SPHY). We introduce a new metric to compare a range of values resultingfrom a distributed model with a single value: the density-weighted distance (DWD). Model simulationsare performed at two different spatial resolutions, matching common practices in hydrology:500 m × 500 m matching regional-scale models, and 40 km × 40 km matching global-scale modeling.We investigate both the intra-basin response in seasonal streamflow and evapotranspiration from thehigh-resolution model and the difference induced by the two different spatial resolutions, with afocus on four seasonal extremes, selected based on temperature and precipitation.Results from the high-resolution model show that the intra-basin response covers a surprisinglylarge range of anomalies and show that it is not uncommon to have both extreme positive and negativeflux anomalies occurring simultaneously within a catchment. The intra-basin response was grouped byland cover, where different dominant runoff-generating processes are driving the differences betweenthese groups. The low-resolution model failed to capture the diverse and contrasting response fromthe high-resolution model, since neither the complex topography nor land cover classes were properly represented.DWD values show that, locally, the hydrological response simulated with a high-resolution model can bea lot more extreme than a low-resolution model might indicate, which has important implications forglobal or continental scale assessments carried out at coarse grids of 0.5∘×0.5∘ or 0.25∘×0.25∘ resolution.

Evaluating seasonal hydrological extremes in mesoscale (pre-)Alpine basins at coarse 0.5° and fine hyperresolution