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Vegetative filter strips are often used for protecting surface waters from\udpollution transferred by surface runoff in agricultural watersheds. In\udEurope, they are often prescribed along the stream banks, where a seasonal\udshallow water table (WT) could decrease the buffer zone efficiency. In spite\udof this potentially important effect, there are no systematic experimental or\udtheoretical studies on the effect of this soil boundary condition on the VFS\udefficiency. In the companion paper (Muñoz-Carpena et al., 2018), we\uddeveloped a physically based numerical algorithm (SWINGO) that allows the\udrepresentation of soil infiltration with a shallow water table. Here we\udpresent the dynamic coupling of SWINGO with VFSMOD, an overland flow and\udtransport mathematical model to study the WT influence on VFS efficiency in\udterms of reductions of overland flow, sediment, and pesticide transport. This\udnew version of VFSMOD was applied to two contrasted benchmark field studies\udin France (sandy-loam soil in a Mediterranean semicontinental climate, and\udsilty clay in a temperate oceanic climate), where limited testing of the\udmodel with field data on one of the sites showed promising results. The\udapplication showed that for the conditions of the studies, VFS efficiency\uddecreases markedly when the water table is 0 to 1.5 m from the surface. In\udorder to evaluate the relative importance of WT among other input factors\udcontrolling VFS efficiency, global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSA)\udwas applied on the benchmark studies. The most important factors found for\udVFS overland flow reduction were saturated hydraulic conductivity and WT\uddepth, added to sediment characteristics and VFS dimensions for sediment and\udpesticide reductions. The relative importance of WT varied as a function of\udsoil type (most important at the silty-clay soil) and hydraulic loading\ud(rainfall + incoming runoff) at each site. The presence of WT introduced\udmore complex responses dominated by strong interactions in the modeled system\udresponse, reducing the typical predominance of saturated hydraulic\udconductivity on infiltration under deep water table conditions. This study\uddemonstrates that when present, the WT should be considered as a key\udhydrologic factor in buffer design and evaluation as a water quality\udmitigation practice

hydrology and earth system sciences

Shallow water table effects on water, sediment, and pesticide transport in vegetative filter strips – Part 2: model coupling, application, factor importance, and uncertainty