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Long-distance seawater intrusion has been widely observed through the\udsubsurface conduit system in coastal karst aquifers as a source of groundwater\udcontaminant. In this study, seawater intrusion in a dual-permeability karst\udaquifer with conduit networks is studied by the two-dimensional\uddensity-dependent flow and transport SEAWAT model. Local and global\udsensitivity analyses are used to evaluate the impacts of boundary conditions\udand hydrological characteristics on modeling seawater intrusion in a karst\udaquifer, including hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, specific\udstorage, and dispersivity of the conduit network and of the porous medium.\udThe local sensitivity analysis evaluates the parameters' sensitivities for modeling\udseawater intrusion, specifically in the Woodville Karst Plain (WKP). A more\udcomprehensive interpretation of parameter sensitivities, including the\udnonlinear relationship between simulations and parameters, and/or parameter\udinteractions, is addressed in the global sensitivity analysis. The conduit\udparameters and boundary conditions are important to the simulations in the\udporous medium because of the dynamical exchanges between the two systems.\udThe sensitivity study indicates that salinity and head simulations in the karst\udfeatures, such as the conduit system and submarine springs, are critical for\udunderstanding seawater intrusion in a coastal karst aquifer. The evaluation\udof hydraulic conductivity sensitivity in the continuum SEAWAT model may be\udbiased since the conduit flow velocity is not accurately calculated by\udDarcy's equation as a function of head difference and hydraulic\udconductivity. In addition, dispersivity is no longer an important parameter\udin an advection-dominated karst aquifer with a conduit system, compared to the\udsensitivity results in a porous medium aquifer. In the end, the extents of\udseawater intrusion are quantitatively evaluated and measured under different\udscenarios with the variabilities of important parameters identified from\udsensitivity results, including salinity at the submarine spring with\udrainfall recharge, sea level rise, and a longer simulation time under an\udextended low rainfall period

Numerical modeling and sensitivity analysis of seawater intrusion in a dual-permeability coastal karst aquifer with conduit networks