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Light absorbing impurities in snow and ice (LAISI) originating from\udatmospheric deposition enhance snowmelt by increasing the absorption of\udshortwave radiation. The consequences are a shortening of the snow duration\uddue to increased snowmelt and, at the catchment scale, a temporal shift in\udthe discharge generation during the spring melt season.\ud\ud\ud  \ud\udIn this study, we present a newly developed snow algorithm for application in\udhydrological models that allows for an additional class of input variable:\udthe deposition mass flux of various species of light absorbing aerosols. To\udshow the sensitivity of different model parameters, we first use the model as\uda 1-D point model forced with representative synthetic data and investigate\udthe impact of parameters and variables specific to the algorithm determining\udthe effect of LAISI. We then demonstrate the significance of the radiative\udforcing by simulating the effect of black carbon (BC) deposited on snow of a\udremote southern Norwegian catchment over a 6-year period, from September 2006\udto August 2012. Our simulations suggest a significant impact of BC in snow on\udthe hydrological cycle. Results show an average increase in discharge of 2.5,\ud9.9, and 21.4 %, depending on the applied model scenario, over a 2-month\udperiod during the spring melt season compared to simulations where radiative\udforcing from LAISI is not considered. The increase in discharge is followed\udby a decrease in discharge due to a faster decrease in the catchment's\udsnow-covered fraction and a trend towards earlier melt in the scenarios where\udradiative forcing from LAISI is applied. Using a reasonable estimate of\udcritical model parameters, the model simulates realistic BC mixing ratios in\udsurface snow with a strong annual cycle, showing increasing surface BC mixing\udratios during spring melt as a consequence of melt amplification. However, we\udfurther identify large uncertainties in the representation of the surface BC\udmixing ratio during snowmelt and the subsequent consequences for the snowpack\udevolution

Modelling hydrologic impacts of light absorbing aerosol deposition on snow at the catchment scale