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Alluvial fans are highly heterogeneous in hydraulic properties dueto complex depositional processes, which make it difficult to characterizethe spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity (K). An originalmethodology is developed to identify the spatial statistical parameters(mean, variance, correlation range) of the hydraulic conductivity in athree-dimensional (3-D) setting by using geological and geophysical data. Morespecifically, a large number of inexpensive vertical electric soundings areintegrated with a facies model developed from borehole lithologic data tosimulate the log10(K) continuous distributions in multiple-zone heterogeneous alluvial megafans. The Chaobai River alluvial fan in the Beijing Plain, China, is used as an example to test the proposed approach. Due to the non-stationary property of the K distribution in the alluvial fan, a multiple-zone parameterization approach is applied to analyze the conductivity statistical properties of different hydrofacies in the various zones. The composite variance in each zone is computed to describe theevolution of the conductivity along the flow direction. Consistently withthe scales of the sedimentary transport energy, the results show thatconductivity variances of fine sand, medium-coarse sand, and gravel decreasefrom the upper (zone 1) to the lower (zone 3) portion along the flowdirection. In zone 1, sediments were moved by higher-energy flooding, whichinduces poor sorting and larger conductivity variances. The compositevariance confirms this feature with statistically different facies from zone 1to zone 3. The results of this study provide insights to improve ourunderstanding on conductivity heterogeneity and a method for characterizingthe spatial distribution of K in alluvial fans

Modeling 3-D permeability distribution in alluvial fans using facies architecture and geophysical acquisitions