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In ombrotrophic peatlands, the moisture content of the acrotelm (vadoze zone)\udcontrols oxygen diffusion rates, redox state, and the turnover of organic\udmatter. Thus, variably saturated flow processes determine whether peatlands\udact as sinks or sources of atmospheric carbon, and modelling these processes\udis crucial to assess effects of changed environmental conditions on the\udfuture development of these ecosystems. We show that the Richards equation\udcan be used to accurately describe the moisture dynamics under evaporative\udconditions in variably saturated peat soil, encompassing the transition from\udthe topmost living moss layer to the decomposed peat as part of the vadose\udzone. Soil hydraulic properties (SHP) were identified by inverse simulation\udof evaporation experiments on samples from the entire acrotelm. To obtain\udconsistent descriptions of the observations, the traditional van\udGenuchten–Mualem model was extended to account for non-capillary water\udstorage and flow. We found that the SHP of the uppermost moss layer reflect a\udpore-size distribution (PSD) that combines three distinct pore systems of the\ud<i>Sphagnum</i> moss. For deeper samples, acrotelm pedogenesis changes the\udshape of the SHP due to the collapse of inter-plant pores and an infill with\udsmaller particles. This leads to gradually more homogeneous and bi-modal PSDs\udwith increasing depth, which in turn can serve as a proxy for increasing\udstate of pedogenesis in peatlands. From this, we derive a nomenclature and\udsize classification for the pore spaces of <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses and\uddefine inter-, intra-, and inner-plant pore spaces, with effective pore\uddiameters of >  300, 300–30, and 30–10 µm, respectively

A pore-size classification for peat bogs derived from unsaturated hydraulic properties