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Rainfall–runoff modelling has long been a special subject in hydrological\udsciences, but identifying behavioural parameters in ungauged catchments is\udstill challenging. In this study, we comparatively evaluated the performance of\udthe local calibration of a rainfall–runoff model against regional flow\udduration curves (FDCs), which is a seemingly alternative method of classical\udparameter regionalisation for ungauged catchments. We used a parsimonious\udrainfall–runoff model over 45 South Korean catchments under semi-humid climate. The\udcalibration against regional FDCs was compared with the simple\udproximity-based parameter regionalisation. Results show that transferring\udbehavioural parameters from gauged to ungauged catchments significantly\udoutperformed the local calibration against regional FDCs due to the absence\udof flow timing information in the regional FDCs. The behavioural parameters\udgained from observed hydrographs were likely to contain intangible flow\udtiming information affecting predictability in ungauged catchments.\udAdditional constraining with the rising limb density appreciably improved the\udFDC calibrations, implying that flow signatures in temporal dimensions would\udsupplement the FDCs. As an alternative approach in data-rich regions, we\udsuggest calibrating a rainfall–runoff model against regionalised hydrographs\udto preserve flow timing information. We also suggest use of flow signatures\udthat can supplement hydrographs for calibrating rainfall–runoff models in\udgauged and ungauged catchments

A comparative assessment of rainfall–runoff modelling against regional flow duration curves for ungauged catchments