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The Lake Taihu basin (36 895 km<sup>2</sup>), one of the most developed\udregions in China located in the hinterland of the\udYangtze River Delta, has experienced increasing flood risk. The largest flood in history occurred in 1999 with a return\udperiod estimate of 200 years, considerably larger than the current capacity\udof the flood defense with a design return\udperiod of 50 years. Due to its flat saucer-like terrain, the capacity of the flood control system in this basin depends\udon flood control infrastructures and peripheral tidal conditions. The Huangpu River, an important river of the basin\udconnecting Lake Taihu upstream and Yangtze River estuaries downstream, drains\udtwo-fifths of the entire basin. Since the water level in the Huangpu River is\udsignificantly affected by the high tide conditions in estuaries, constructing\udan estuary gate is considered an effective solution for flood mitigation. The\udmain objective of this paper is to assess the potential contributions of the\udproposed Huangpu Gate to the flood control capacity of the basin. To achieve\udthis goal, five\uddifferent scenarios of flooding conditions and the associated gate operations are considered by using numerical model\udsimulations. Results of quantitative analyses show that the Huangpu Gate is\udeffective for evacuating floodwaters. It can help to reduce both peak values\udand duration of high water levels in Lake Taihu to benefit surrounding areas\udalong the Taipu Canal and the Huangpu River. The contribution of the gate to\udthe flood control capacity is closely associated with its\udoperation modes and duration. For the maximum potential contribution of the gate, the net outflow at the proposed site is\udincreased by 52 %. The daily peak level is decreased by a maximum of\ud0.12 m in Lake Taihu, by maxima of 0.26–0.37 and\ud0.46–0.60 m in the Taipu Canal and the Huangpu River, respectively,\udand by 0.05–0.39 m in the surrounding areas depending on the local\udtopography. It is concluded that the proposed Huangpu Gate can reduce flood\udrisk in the Lake Taihu basin, especially in those low-lying surrounding areas\udalong the Taipu Canal and the Huangpu River significantly, which is of great\udbenefit to the flood management in the basin and the Yangtze River Delta

Model simulations of potential contribution of the proposed Huangpu Gate to flood control in the Lake Taihu basin of China