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<p class="p">Rainfall is the primary trigger of landslides in Hong Kong; hence,\udrainstorm spatial distribution is an important piece of information\udin landslide hazard analysis. The primary objective of this paper is\udto quantify spatial correlation characteristics of three\udlandslide-triggering large storms in Hong Kong. The spatial maximum\udrolling rainfall is represented by a rotated ellipsoid trend surface\udand a random field of residuals. The maximum rolling 4, 12,\ud24, and 36 h rainfall amounts of these storms are assessed via\udsurface trend fitting, and the spatial correlation of the detrended\udresiduals is determined through studying the scales of fluctuation\udalong eight directions. The principal directions of the surface\udtrend are between 19 and 43°, and the major and\udminor axis lengths are 83–386 and 55–79 km,\udrespectively. The scales of fluctuation of the residuals are found\udbetween 5 and 30 km. The spatial distribution parameters for\udthe three large rainstorms are found to be similar to those for four\udordinary rainfall events. The proposed rainfall spatial distribution\udmodel and parameters help define the impact area, rainfall intensity\udand local topographic effects for landslide hazard evaluation in the\udfuture.</p

Characterizing the spatial variations and correlations of large rainstorms for landslide study