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The evapotranspiration / potential evapotranspiration (AET / PET)ratio is traditionally termed as the crop coefficient (Kc) and has been generally used asecosystem evaporative stress index. In the current hydrology literature, Kchas been widely used as a parameter to estimate crop water demand by watermanagers but has not been well examined for other types of ecosystems suchas forests and other perennial vegetation. Understanding the seasonaldynamics of this variable for all ecosystems is important for projecting theecohydrological responses to climate change and accurately quantifying water useat watershed to global scales. This study aimed at deriving monthly Kc formultiple vegetation cover types and understanding its environmental controlsby analyzing the accumulated global eddy flux (FLUXNET) data. We examinedmonthly Kc data for seven vegetation covers, including openshrubland (OS), cropland (CRO), grassland (GRA), deciduous broad leaf forest(DBF), evergreen needle leaf forest (ENF), evergreen broad leaf forest(EBF), and mixed forest (MF), across 81 sites. We found that, except forevergreen forests (EBF and ENF), Kc values had large seasonal variationacross all land covers. The spatial variability of Kc was well explained bylatitude, suggesting site factors are a major control on Kc. Seasonally, Kcincreased significantly with precipitation in the summer months, except in EBF.Moreover, leaf area index (LAI) significantly influenced monthly Kc in allland covers, except in EBF. During the peak growing season, forests had thehighest Kc values, while croplands (CRO) had the lowest. We developed aseries of multivariate linear monthly regression models for Kc by landcover type and season using LAI, site latitude, and monthly precipitation asindependent variables. The Kc models are useful for understanding waterstress in different ecosystems under climate change and variability as wellas for estimating seasonal ET for large areas with mixed land covers

Environmental controls on seasonal ecosystem evapotranspiration/potential evapotranspiration ratio as determined by the global eddy flux measurements