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Soil properties show high heterogeneity at different  spatial scalesand their correct characterization remains a crucialchallenge over large areas. The aim of the study is to quantify the impact ofdifferent types of uncertainties that arise from the unresolved soil spatialvariability on simulated hydrological states and fluxes. Three perturbationmethods are presented for the characterization of uncertainties in soilproperties. The methods are applied on the soil map of the upper Neckarcatchment (Germany), as an example. The uncertainties are propagated through thedistributed mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) to assess the impact on the simulatedstates and fluxes. The model outputs are analysed by aggregating the resultsat different spatial and temporal scales. These results show that the impactof the different uncertainties introduced in the original soil map isequivalent when the simulated model outputs are analysed at the model gridresolution (i.e. 500 m). However, several differences are identified byaggregating states and fluxes at different spatial scales (by subcatchments ofdifferent sizes or coarsening the grid resolution). Streamflow is onlysensitive to the perturbation of long spatial structures while distributedstates and fluxes (e.g. soil moisture and groundwater recharge) are onlysensitive to the local noise introduced to the original soil properties. Aclear identification of the temporal and spatial scale for which finer-resolutionsoil information is (or is not) relevant is unlikely to beuniversal. However, the comparison of the impacts on the differenthydrological components can be used to prioritize the model improvements inspecific applications, either by collecting new measurements or bycalibration and data assimilation approaches. In conclusion, the studyunderlines the importance of a correct characterization of uncertainty insoil properties. With that, soil maps with additional information regardingthe unresolved soil spatial variability would provide strong support tohydrological modelling applications

Effects of uncertainty in soil properties on simulated hydrological states and fluxes at different spatio-temporal scales