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Severe storm-triggered floods and landslides are two major natural hazards inthe US, causing property losses of USD 6 billion and approximately 110–160fatalities per year nationwide. Moreover, floods and landslides often occurin a cascading manner, posing significant risk and leading to losses that aresignificantly greater than the sum of the losses from the hazards when actingseparately. It is pertinent to couple hydrological and geotechnical modelingprocesses to an integrated flood–landslide cascading disaster modelingsystem for improved disaster preparedness and hazard management. In thisstudy, we developed the iCRESTRIGRS model, a coupled flash flood andlandslide initiation modeling system, by integrating the Coupled Routing andExcess STorage (CREST) model with the physically based Transient RainfallInfiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) landslidemodel. The iCRESTRIGRS system is evaluated in four river basins in westernNorth Carolina that experienced a large number of floods, landslides anddebris flows triggered by heavy rainfall from Hurricane Ivan during 16–18September 2004. The modeled hourly hydrographs at four USGS gauge stationsshow generally good agreement with the observations during the entire stormperiod. In terms of landslide prediction in this case study, the coupledmodel has a global accuracy of 98.9 % and a true positive rate of56.4 %. More importantly, it shows an improved predictive capability forlandslides relative to the stand-alone TRIGRS model. This study highlightsthe important physical connection between rainfall, hydrological processesand slope stability, and provides a useful prototype model system foroperational forecasting of flood and landslide

iCRESTRIGRS: a coupled modeling system for cascading flood–landslide disaster forecasting