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Understanding hydrological responses to reforestation is an important subjectin watershed management, particularly in large forested watersheds( >  1000 km2). In this study, we selected two large forestedwatersheds (Pingjiang and Xiangshui) located in the upper reach of the PoyangLake watershed, southeastern China (with an area of 3261.4 and 1458 km2,respectively), along with long-term data on climate and hydrology (1954–2006)to assess the effects of large-scale reforestation on streamflow. Bothwatersheds have similar climate and experienced comparable and dramaticforest changes during the past decades, but with different watershedproperties (e.g., the topography is much steeper in Xiangshui than inPingjiang), which provides us with a unique opportunity to compare thedifferences in hydrological recovery in two contrasted watersheds. Streamflowat different percentiles (e.g., 5, 10, 50 and 95 %) werecompared using a combination of statistical analysis with a year-wise methodfor each watershed. The results showed that forest recovery had nosignificant effects on median flows (Q50<mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/>%) in both watersheds.However, reforestation significantly reduced high flows in Pingjiang, but hadlimited influence in Xiangshui. Similarly, reforestation had significant andpositive effects on low flows (Q95<mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/>%) in Pingjiang, while it did notsignificantly change low flows in Xiangshui. Thus, hydrological recovery islimited and slower in the steeper Xiangshui watershed, highlighting thatwatershed properties are also important for determining hydrological responsesto reforestation. This finding has important implications for designingreforestation and watershed management strategies in the context of hydrological recovery

hydrology and earth system sciences

Hydrological recovery in two large forested watersheds of southeastern China: the importance of watershed properties in determining hydrological responses to reforestation