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Rangelands cover a large portion of the earth's land surface and areundergoing dramatic landscape changes. At the same time, these ecosystemsface increasing expectations to meet growing water supply needs. To addressmajor gaps in our understanding of rangeland hydrologic function, weinvestigated historical watershed-scale runoff and sediment yield in adynamic landscape in central Texas, USA. We quantified the relationshipbetween precipitation and runoff and analyzed reservoir sediment cores datedusing cesium-137 and lead-210 radioisotopes. Local rainfall and streamflowshowed no directional trend over a period of 85 years, resulting in arainfall–runoff ratio that has been resilient to watershed changes. Reservoirsedimentation rates generally were higher before 1963, but have been muchlower and very stable since that time. Our findings suggest that (1)rangeland water yields may be stable over long periods despite dramaticlandscape changes while (2) these same landscape changes influence sedimentyields that impact downstream reservoir storage. Relying on rangelands tomeet water needs demands an understanding of how these dynamic landscapesfunction and a quantification of the physical processes at work

Contrasting watershed-scale trends in runoff and sediment yield complicate rangeland water resources planning