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The north-central region of Portugal has undergonesignificant land cover change since the early 1900s,with large-scale replacement of natural vegetation types withplantation forests. This transition consisted of an initial conversionprimarily to Pinus pinaster, followed by a secondarytransition to Eucalyptus globulus. This land cover change islikely to have altered the hydrologic functioning of this region;however, these potential impacts are not fully understood.To contribute to a better understanding of the potentialhydrologic impacts of this land cover change, this studyexamines the temporal trends in 75 years of data from theÁgueda watershed (part of the Vouga Basin) over the periodof 1936–2010. A number of hydrometeorological variableswere analyzed using a combined Thiel–Sen/Mann–Kendalltrend-testing approach, to assess the magnitude and significanceof patterns in the observed data. These trend tests indicatedthat there have been no significant reductions in streamflowover either the entire test period, or during sub-recordperiods, despite the large-scale afforestation which has occurred.This lack of change in streamflow is attributed tothe specific characteristics of the watershed and land coverchange. By contrast, a number of significant trends werefound for baseflow index, with positive trends in the earlydata record (primarily during Pinus pinaster afforestation),followed by negative trends later in the data record (primarilyduring Eucalyptus globulus afforestation). These trendsare attributed to land use and vegetation impacts on streamflowgenerating processes, both due to species differencesand to alterations in soil properties (i.e., infiltration capacity,soil water repellency). These results highlight the importanceof considering both vegetation types/dynamics and watershedcharacteristic when assessing hydrologic impacts, inparticular with respect to soil properties

Time series analysis of the long-term hydrologic impacts of afforestation in the Águeda watershed of north-central Portugal