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Since the second half of the 17th century, tax relief has been available tofarmers and landowners to offset flood damage to property (buildings) andland (fields, meadows, pastures, gardens) in South Moravia, Czech Republic.Historically, the written applications for this were supported by arelatively efficient bureaucratic process that left a clear data trail ofdocumentation, preserved at several levels: in the communities affected, inregional offices, and in the Moravian Land Office, all of which are to befound in estate and family collections in the Moravian Land Archives in thecity of Brno, the provincial capital. As well as detailed information aboutdamage done and administrative responses to it, data are often preserved asto the flood event itself, the time of its occurrence and its impacts,sometimes together with causes and stages. The final flood database based ontaxation records is used here to describe the temporal and spatial density ofboth flood events and the records themselves. The information derived is usedto help create long-term flood chronologies for the rivers Dyje, Jihlava,Svratka and Morava, combining floods interpreted from taxation records withother documentary data and floods derived from later systematic hydrologicalmeasurements (water levels, discharges). Common periods of higher floodfrequency appear largely in the periods 1821–1850 and 1921–1950, althoughthis shifts to several other decades for individual rivers. A number ofuncertainties are inseparable from flood data taxation records: their spatialand temporal incompleteness; the inevitable limitation to larger-scale damageand restriction to the summer half-year; and the different characters ofrivers, including land-use changes and channel modifications. Taxation datahave considerable potential for extending our knowledge of past floods forthe rest of the Czech Republic, not to mention other European countries inwhich records have survived

The use of taxation records in assessing historical floods in South Moravia, Czech Republic