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Microbial dynamics have rarely been investigated in Lake Geneva, known asthe largest lake in western Europe. From a 5-month survey, we report dynamicpatterns of free-living virus, bacteria and small phytoplankton abundancesin response to a variety of environmental parameters. For the first time, wefractionated the primary production to separate the contribution ofdifferent size-related biological compartments and measured both bacterialand viral production in addition to experiments conducted to quantify thevirus-induced bacterial mortality. We observed marked seasonal and verticalvariations in picocyanobacteria, bacteria and virus abundances andproduction. The contribution of picoplankton and nanoplankton production tothe total primary production was high (reaching up to 76% of totalprimary production) in November and the spring–summer transition period,respectively. The impact of viral lysis on both bacteria andpicocyanobacteria was significantly higher than grazing activities.Virus-induced picocyanobacterial mortality reached up to 66% of cellremoval compared to virus induced (heterotrophic) bacterial mortality, whichreached a maximum of 34% in July. Statistical analyzes revealed thattemperature and top-down control by viruses are among important factorsregulating the picocyanobacterial dynamics in this lake. More generallyspeaking, our results add to the growing evidence and accepted view nowadaysthat viruses are an important actor of freshwater microbial dynamics andmore globally of the functioning of the microbial food webs

Dynamics of auto- and heterotrophic picoplankton and associated viruses in Lake Geneva