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Groundwater and river-water have a different composition and interact in and below the riverbed. The riverbed-aquifer flux interactions have received growing in- terest because of their role in the exchange and transfor- mation of nutrients and pollutants between rivers and the aquifer. In this research our main purpose is to identify the physical processes and characteristics needed for a numeri- cal transport model, which includes the unsaturated recharge zone, the aquifer and the riverbed. In order to investi- gate such lateral groundwater inflow process, a laboratory J-shaped column experiment was designed. This study deter- mined the transport parameters of the J-shaped column by fit- ting an analytical solution of the convective-dispersion equa- tion for every flux on individual segments to the observed breakthrough curves of the resident concentration, and by in- verse modelling for every flux simultaneously over the entire flow domain. The obtained transport-parameter relation was tested by numerical simulation using HYDRUS 2-D/3-D. Four steady-state flux conditions (i.e. 0.5 cm hr 1 , 1 cm hr 1 , 1.5 cm hr 1 and 2 cm hr 1 ) were applied, trans- port parameters including pore water velocity and dispersiv- ity were determined for both unsaturated and saturated sec- tions along the column. Results showed that under saturated conditions the dispersivity was fairly constant and indepen- dent of the flux. In contrast, dispersivity under unsaturated conditions was flux dependent and increased at lower flux. For our porous medium the dispersion coefficient related best to the quotient of the pore water velocity divided by the water content. A simulation model of riverbed-aquifer flux interac- tion should take this into account.

Hydrodynamic dispersion characteristics of lateral inflow into a river tested by a laboratory model