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End-to-end modelling is a rapidly developing strategy for modelling in marinesystems science and management. However, problems remain in the area of datamatching and sub-model compatibility. A mechanism and novel interfacingsystem (<i>Couplerlib</i>) is presented whereby a physical–biogeochemical model(General Ocean Turbulence Model–European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model, GOTM–ERSEM) that predicts dynamics of the lower trophic level (LTL)organisms in marine ecosystems is coupled to a dynamic ecosystem model(Ecosim), which predicts food-web interactions among higher trophic level (HTL)organisms. Coupling is achieved by means of a bespoke interface, which handlesthe system incompatibilities between the models and a more generic Couplerliblibrary, which uses metadata descriptions in extensible mark-up language (XML)to marshal data between groups, paying attention to functional group mappingsand compatibility of units between models. In addition, within Couplerlib,models can be coupled across networks by means of socket mechanisms.   As a demonstration of this approach, a food-web model (Ecopath with Ecosim, EwE) and a physical–biogeochemical model (GOTM–ERSEM) representing the NorthSea ecosystem were joined with Couplerlib. The output from GOTM–ERSEM variesbetween years, depending on oceanographic and meteorological conditions.Although inter-annual variability was clearly present, there was always thetendency for an annual cycle consisting of a peak of diatoms in spring,followed by (less nutritious) flagellates and dinoflagellates through thesummer, resulting in an early summer peak in the mesozooplankton biomass.Pelagic productivity, predicted by the LTL model, was highly seasonal withlittle winter food for the higher trophic levels. The Ecosim model wasoriginally based on the assumption of constant annual inputs of energy and,consequently, when coupled, pelagic species suffered population losses overthe winter months. By contrast, benthic populations were more stable(although the benthic linkage modelled was purely at the detritus level, sothis stability reflects the stability of the Ecosim model). The coupledmodel was used to examine long-term effects of environmental change, andshowed the system to be nutrient limited and relatively unaffected byforecast climate change, especially in the benthos. The stability of anEcosim formulation for large higher tropic level food webs is discussed andit is concluded that this kind of coupled model formulation is better forexamining the effects of long-term environmental change than short-termperturbations

geoscientific model development

&lt;i&gt;Couplerlib&lt;/i&gt;: a metadata-driven library for the integration of multiple models of higher and lower trophic level marine systems with inexact functional group matching