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In contrast to previous peatland carbon dioxide(CO<sub>2</sub>) model sensitivity analyses, which usually focussed on only one or a fewprocesses, this study investigates interactions between various biotic andabiotic processes and their parameters by comparing CoupModel v5 resultswith multiple observation variables.  Many interactions were found not only within but also between variousprocess categories simulating plant growth, decomposition, radiation interception, soil temperature,aerodynamic resistance, transpiration, soil hydrology and snow. Eachmeasurement variable was sensitive to up to 10 (out of 54) parameters, fromup to 7 different process categories. The constrained parameter rangesvaried, depending on the variable and performance index chosen as criteria,and on other calibrated parameters (equifinalities).  Therefore, transferring parameter ranges between models needs to be donewith caution, especially if such ranges were achieved by only consideringa few processes. The identified interactions and constrained parameters willbe of great interest to use for comparisons with model results and data fromsimilar ecosystems. All of the available measurement variables (netecosystem exchange, leaf area index, sensible and latent heat fluxes, netradiation, soil temperatures, water table depth and snow depth) improved themodel constraint. If hydraulic properties or water content were measured,further parameters could be constrained, resolving several equifinalitiesand reducing model uncertainty. The presented results highlight theimportance of considering biotic and abiotic processes together and can helpmodellers and experimentalists to design and calibrate models as well as todirect experimental set-ups in peatland ecosystems towards modelling needs

Parameter interactions and sensitivity analysis for modelling carbon heat and water fluxes in a natural peatland, using CoupModel v5