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We designed and implemented a modular softwareframework for the offline simulation of steady cycles of 3-D marine ecosystemmodels based on the transport matrix approach. It is intended for parameteroptimization and model assessment experiments. We defined a softwareinterface for the coupling of a general class of water column-basedbiogeochemical models, with six models being part of the package. Theframework offers both spin-up/fixed-point iteration and a Jacobian-freeNewton method for the computation of steady states.  The simulation package has been tested with all six models. The Newton methodconverged for four models when using standard settings, and for two morecomplex models after alteration of a solver parameter or the initial guess.Both methods delivered the same steady states (within a reasonable precision)on convergence for all models employed, with the Newton iteration generallyoperating 6 times faster. The effects on performance of both thebiogeochemical and the Newton solver parameters were investigated for onemodel. A profiling analysis was performed for all models used in this work,demonstrating that the number of tracers had a dominant impact on overallperformance. We also implemented a geometry-adapted load balancing procedurewhich showed close to optimal scalability up to a high number of parallelprocessors

Metos3D: the Marine Ecosystem Toolkit for Optimization and Simulation in 3-D – Part 1: Simulation Package v0.3.2